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Thursday, 3 July 2014
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Thursday, 5 June 2014
GEORGE BO OLE (1815--1864)
WRITTEN BY:MUSHARRAF-UL-HASSNAINDATED ON: 06/06/2014
GEORGE BOOLE (1815---1864):
PLACE OF BORN:
Born in LINCOLN,ENGLAND ,IN November 1815
FATHER OCCUPATION:
his father was a cobbler .
NOW ABOUT BOOLE LIFE:
Dew to his family difficult financial situation,Boole had to struggle hard to educate and support his family .Nevertheless ,he become one of the most important mathematician of the 1800s.
Although he considered a career as a clergyman ,he decided instead to go into teaching and soon afterward opened a school of his own .In his preparation for teaching mathematics,boole unsatisfied with textbook of his day.---decided to read the works of the great mathematicians.While reading papers of the great French mathematician Lagrange,Boole made discoveries in tne calculus of the variations ,the branch of analysis dealing with curves and surfaces optimizing certain parameters.
BOOLE BOOKS AND CONTRIBUTION IN MATHS:
IN 1848 Boole published The MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF LOGIC ,the first of his contributions of symbolic logic.
IN 1848 he was appointed professor fo mathematics at Queen College in cork,IRLAND.
IN 1854 he published THE LAWS OF THOUGHT ,his famous work,boole introduced what is now called BOOLEAN ALGEBRA in his honor
Boole wrote textbooks on different equations that were used in Great Britain Until the end of nineteenth century.
BOOLE MARRIAGE:
bole married in 1855 his wife was the niece of Greek's at Queen college.
BOOLE DEATH:
in 1864 Boole died died from pnemonia ,which he contracted as a result of keeping a lecture engagement even through he was soaking from a rainstrom.
ARISTOTLE:
WRITTEN BY: MUSHARRAF-UL-HASSNAINDATED ON: 06/06/2014
ARISTOTLE:
(384 B.C.E---322 B.C.E):
PLACE OF BORN:
Born in stagirus(stagira) in northern Greece.
FATHER OCCUPATION:
His father was the personal physician of the king Macedonia.
ARISTOTLE CHILDHOOD LIFE:
Because his father died when aristotle was young ,Aristotle could not follow the custom of the following his father's profession. Aristotle become an orphan at he young age when his mother also died. His guardian who raised him taught him poetry,rhetoric,and Greek.
ARISTOTLE LIFE:
At the age of 17 years,his guardian sent him to Athens to further education .Aristotle joined Plato's ACademy where for 20 years he attended Platos's lectures,later presenting his own lectures on rhehotic.When plato died in 347 B.C.E .Aristotle was not chosen to succeed him because his differed too much from that plato.
Instead ,Aristotle joined the court of Hermas where he remained for three years ,and married the niece of the king .When the persian defeated Hermas,Aristotle moved to Mytilene and ,at the invitation of the king philip of MACEDONIA,he tutored ,philip son,who later become Alexender the great,Aritotle tutored Alexender for five years and after the death of king philip ,he returned to Athens and set up his own school called LYCEUM.
ARITOTLE'S followers were called peripatetics ,which means "to walk about " because Arsritotle often walked around as the discussed philosophical questions .Aristotle taught at the lyceum for 13 years where lectured to his advanced students in the morning and gave popular lectures to broad audience in the evening .When Alexender the great died in 323 B.C.E.. a backlash against anything related to Alexander led to trumped up charges of impiety against Aristotle.Aristotle fled to Chalcis to avoid prosecution .He only lived one years in Chalsis ,dying of the stomach ailment in 322 B.C.E.
ARITOTLE BOOKS:
Aristotle wrote three types of books:those written for the popular audeince ,compilations of scientific facts ,and systematic treatises. The treatises included works on logic ,philosphy,psychology,physics,and natural history. Aristotle writings were preserved by the student and were hidden in the vault where a wealthy book collector discovered them about 200 years later.They taken to Rome ,Where they where studied by the scholars and issued in the new editions preserving them for posterity.
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